HbsAg is the first serologic marker appearing in the serum 6-16 weeks following
hepatitis B viral infection. In typical HBV infection, HBsAg will be detected 2-4 weeks before the
liver enzyme levels (ALT) become abnormal and 3-5 weeks before the patient develops jaundice. In
acute cases HbsAg usually disappears 1-2 months after the onset of symptoms. Persistence of HbsAg
for more than 6 months indicates development of either a chronic carrier state or chronic liver
disease. The presence of HbsAg is frequently associated with infectivity. HbsAg when accompanied by
Hepatitis Be antigen and/or hepatitis B viral DNA almost always indicates infectivity.
Anti HCV card test interpretation
Reactive test result indicates presence of
Hepatitis C virus infection. Active infection to be confirmed by HCV RNA PCR test. It cannot
differentiate between the stages of Hepatitis C viral infection nor used to monitor the efficacy of
treatment. Non-Reactive test result indicates Hepatitis C virus infection is unlikely.
HIV Interpretation
A negative result implies that no Anti HIV-1 & HIV-2
antibodies have been detected in the sample by this method. This means that either the patient has
not been exposed to HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection or the sample has been tested during the “WINDOW PHASE”
(before the development of detectable levels of antibodies). A positive result suggests the
possibilities of HIV-I and / or HIV-II infection. However these results must be verified by a
confirmatory test (IFA / WESTERN BLOT I-II) before pronouncing the patient positive for HIV-1 and /
or HIV-2 infection. All reactive samples should be confirmed by using HIV Western Blot/PCR.
VDRL Interpretation
| Result |
Remarks |
| Reactive |
Indicates the presence of IgM
& IgG antibodies against non-treponemal antigens |
| Non-Reactive |
Indicates absence of IgM &
IgG antibodies against non-treponemal antigens |